About the Mothers: The Matrae and Matronae

The Matrones/Matronae or Matres/Matrae (Mothers) are Celtic and Germanic goddesses widely worshipped in Gaul and Britain; they were almost always depicted in groups of three. They are protectors of home, family and community, bringers of good fortune and providers of plenty.

Quite a few of the goddess triads had additional names as well, epithets sometimes referring to location or tribal affiliation. Whether these were considered to be separate sets of entities from one another is uncertain, but the iconography remained fairly consistent from group to group: three female figures, often accompanied by symbols of fertility, prosperity and abundance.

The Mothers are interesting in that they were worshipped by both Celtic and Germanic tribes; they are a good example of the fluidity of religious practice in the Gaulish and Germanic regions. Whether a particular set of Mothers is Celtic or Germanic can sometimes be determined linguistically although this isn’t always possible. To some extent you can say that most of the Matronae groups are centered in those areas occupied by Germanic tribes, particularly around the Rhine river, while the Matrae groups are usually located in Gaul and Britain, but there are exceptions to this rather loose rule, and in some areas you’ll find inscriptions to both the Matrae and the Matronae. 

Myth
Unknown.

Cult
The Matrones received votive and dedicatory offerings from their worshippers; otherwise little is known of the specifics of their cult.

Etymology
The native name or names of the Matrones/Matres, if any, are unknown; the titles Matrae or Matronae are Latin for “mothers” and are Roman in origin.

The more specific names of the goddesses can be difficult to analyze etymologically, even as to whether they are Germanic or Celtic in origin.

Matronae Abiamarcae/Ambiamarcae
May have derived from the Proto-Germanic *marko or “boundary” and the Proto-Celtic *ambi or “around,” suggesting a concern with territory.
Matronae Abirenae/Ambirenae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *ambi or “around” and *rhenus or “river,” which we still see in the Rhine river.
Matronae Afliae/Aflims
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *afla or “power, strength.”
Matronae Ahinehiae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Ahueccanae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Alagabiae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *alla or “all” and *geban or “to give,” suggesting a meaning of “all giving ones.”
Matrae Alatervae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *alla or “all” and *trewa or “tree.”
Matronae Albiahenae
Likely a blended Celto-Germanic name deriving from the Proto-Celtic *albiyo or “world” and the suffix *henae often seen in the names of Germanic goddesses.
Matronae Alhiahenae
Derivation uncertain but could be connected to the Proto-Germanic *alh or “temple.”
Matronae Almaviahenae
Derivation uncertain but is considered at least partially Germanic in origin.
Matronae Alusneihae
Derivation uncertain although I have seen it suggested that the name comes from the Proto-Germanic *aluth or “ale.”
Matronae Amartninehae
Derivation uncertain.
Matronae Ambioreneses
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *ambi or “around” and *rhenus or “river.”
Matronae Amfratninehae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *froda or “wise, able.”
Matronae Amnesahenae
Derivation uncertain.
Matronae Andrustehiae
May derive from the Proto-Indo-European *deru or “tree.”
Matronae Anesaminehae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matres Annaneptae
Derivation uncertain but I’ve seen it suggested that it comes from the Proto-Germanic *nefti or “niece or (more broadly) female relative.”
Matronae Arvagastae
Derivation uncertain.
Matronae Aserecinehae
Derivation uncertain.
Matronae Atufrafinehae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Audrinehae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Aufaniae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *fanja or “fen, swamp.”
Matronae Austriahenae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *austera or “east.”
Matronae Aviaitinehae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Axsinginehae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matres Baginatiae
May be connected to the Proto-Celtic *bagos or “beech tree.”
Matronae Berguiahenae
Derivation uncertain.
Matronae Boudunnehae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *bowdi or “victory.”
Matres Brigaecae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *briga or “power.”
Matronae Caimineae
Derivation uncertain.
Matres Campestris
Literal meaning in Latin is “mothers of the parade grounds.”
Matronae Cantrusteihae
May have been associated with the Germanic Condrusi tribe.
Matronae Chandrumanehae
Derivation uncertain.
Matronae Channihae or Chuchenehae
Derivation uncertain but may have derived in part from the Proto-Germanic *hauha or “high.”
Matres Comedovae
May have derived from the Proto-Celtic *medu or “mead,” connecting these goddesses etymologically with other Celtic intoxication deities like the Irish Medb and the Gaulish Meduna.
Matronae Dervonnae
Derives from the Proto-Celtic *derwo or “oak,” suggesting a meaning of “mothers of the oak.”
Matres Domesticae
Literal meaning in Latin is “mothers of the home (or homeland).”
Matres Duilliae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *dol-u or “leaf.”
Matres Eburnicae
Derives from the Proto-Celtic *eburo or “yew,” suggesting a meaning of “mothers of the yew.”
Matronae Etrahenae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *edara or “fence,” suggesting a protective deity.
Matronae Euthungae
May have been associated with the Germanic Iuthungi tribe.
Matronae Fachineae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Fernovinehae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matres Frisavae
May have been associated with the Germanic Frisii tribe.
Matronae Gabiae
Likely to derive from the Proto-Germanic *geban or “to give.”
Matronae Gabinae
Likely to derive from the Proto-Germanic *geban or “to give.”
Matronae Gantunae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *gans or “goose” or *ganuto or “gander.”
Matronae Gavadiae
Contains the Celtic root *gavo, meaning unknown.
Matres Germanae
Literal meaning in Latin is “Germanic mothers.”
Matronae Gesahenae
Celto-Germanic goddesses who may be linked to the Celtic Gaesati tribe and thus to the Proto-Celtic *gayso or “spear.”
Matres Glanicae
May be connected to the Proto-Celtic *glano or “clear,” likely a reference to clean, clear water. Etymologically connected to the ancient Gaulish city of Glanum, near Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France.
Matronae Gratichae
Derivation uncertain.
Matres Griselicae
Derivation uncertain.
Matronae Hamaheviae
May have been associated with the Germanic Chamavi tribe.
Matronae Havae
Derivation uncertain.
Matronae Hiheraiae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Ineae
Derivation uncertain.
Matronae Iulineihiae
Likely connected etymologically to the nearby Roman city of Iuliacum, now known as Julich.
Matres Kannanefates
May have been associated with the Germanic Canenefatae tribe.
Matronae Lanehiae
Likely connected etymologically to the nearby city of Laciniacum, now known as Lechenich.
Matronae Lubicae
Derivation uncertain; I’ve seen them connected to the Proto-Celtic *lubo or “love” as well as to the Proto-Germanic *lubja or “herb, potion.”
Matres Mageiae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *magos or “field.”
Matres Magiseniae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *magos or “field” and *seno or “old,” a possible reference to an ancient land or ancient piece of ground.
Matronae Mahalinae or Mahlinehae
Likely connected etymologically to the city of Mechelen (near Antwerp, Belgium).
Matronae Malvisae
Derivation uncertain.
Matres Marsacae
May have been associated with the Germanic Marsicii tribe.
Matronae Masanae
Derivation uncertain.
Matres Mediotautehae
Celto-Germanic goddesses whose name may derive from the Proto-Celtic *medjo or “middle” and *towta or “people, tribe.” Another possibility includes a connection to the Proto-Celtic *medo or “to judge.”
Matres Menmandutiae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *menman or “thought, mind.”
Matres Mogontiones
May be etymologically related to the GaulishCeltic god Mogons; may thus derive from the Proto-Indo-European *mag-u or “young person, youth.”
Matres Mopates
May be etymologically related to the Gaulish Celtic god Maponus (and his cognate, the Welsh Mabon).
Matronae Naitienae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matres Nemausicae
Likely connected etymologically to the city of Nemausus, now known as Nimes.
Matres Nemetiales
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *nemeto or “sanctuary, sacred grove”; may translate to “mothers of the sacred grove.” Etymologically related to the goddess Nemetona.
Matronae Nersihenae
Derivation uncertain, may be connected etymologically to the Niers River.
Matronae Nervinae
May have been associated with the Nervii, a Belgic tribe located in a region with both Celtic and Germanic linguistic influences.
Matres Noricae
May have been connected etymologically with Noricum, a group of Celtic tribes.
Matronae Octocannae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *owxtu or “cold” or to *fuxtaka or “pine tree.”
Matres Ollogabiae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *ollyo or “all” and *gabyo or “to hold.”
Matres Ollototae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *ollyo or “all” and *towta or “tribe, people.”
Matronae Ratheihiae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin. May come from the Proto-Germanic *ratha or “wheel.”
Matres Remae
May have been associated with the Celtic Remi tribe.
Matronae Renahenae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin. Could be connected with the Rhine River.
Matres Rocloisiabo
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *klowsta or “hearing. Could suggest a meaning of “mothers who hear [prayers].”
Matronae Romanehae
Literal meaning in Latin is “Roman mothers”; I’ve seen it suggested that this refers to a Roman settlement rather than to Rome itself.
Matronae Saithamiae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *saida or “magic, charm, spell.” Connected to the Old Norse term seidh.
Matronae Seccanahae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *sego or “power.”
Matronae Senonae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic seno or “old.”
Matres Suebae
May have been associated with the Suebi, a group of Germanic tribes.
Matres Suleviae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *su or “good”; alternatively it may be cognate with the Old Irish suil or “eye” which derives from the Proto-Celtic *sawol or “sun.” They are not, as is sometimes thought, a multiple of the British healing goddess Sulis.
Matronae Teniavehae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Textumeihae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matres Treverae
May have been associated with the Treveri tribe.
Matronae Tummaestiae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Turstuahenae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *thurisa or “giant.”
Matres Ubelkabae
Derivation uncertain.
Matronae Udravarinehae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Ulauhinehae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Vacallinehae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matres Vagionae
May have been associated with the Germanic Vangiones tribe.
Matronae Vallabnaehiae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Vanamianehae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Vanginehae
May derive from the Proto-German *wanga or “meadow.”
Matres Vapthiae
Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
Matronae Vataranehae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *watar or “water.”
Matronae Vatviae
May derive from the Proto-Germanic *watar or “water.”
Matronae Vediantiae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *gwedyo or “to pray”; may have been associated with the Ligurian Vediantii tribe.
Matronae Vesuniahenae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *wesu or “noble, excellent”; may be etymologically related to the goddess Vesunna.
Matres Vroicae
May derive from the Proto-Celtic *wroiko or “heath.”
Matronae Xulsigiae
Derivation uncertain.

Region

The Mothers were worshipped widely over ancient Gaul and Germania. Hundreds of inscriptions to the three goddesses have been found, spread over a large part of Europe, although there is a particularly strong center of worship in what is now eastern Germany and western France; the city of Cologne, Germany in particular was home to quite a few different sets of goddesses, both Matrae and Matronae.

Matrae (no epithet)
Andau, Austria; Adel, England; Aldborough, England; Binchester, England; Birdoswald, England; Bowness-on-Solway, England; Carlisle, England; Carrawburgh, England; Carvoran, England; Castlecary, England; Castlesteads, England; Chester, England; Chesterholm, England; Cirencester, England; Daglingworth, England; Doncaster, England; Halton Chesters, England; Housesteads, Englamd; London, England; Little Walsingham, England; Mumrills, England; Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England; Ribchester, England; Rochester, England; Skinburness, England; Stanwix, England; York, England; Aix-en-Provence, France; Beire-le-Chatel, France; Bure-la-Ville, France; Carpentras, France; Curnier, France; Labeaume, France; Marseilles, France; Narbonne, France; Rasteau, France; Sainte-Jalle, France; Savoillan, France; Vaison-la-Romaine, France; Allmendingen, Germany; Andernach, Germany; Bonn, Germany; Cologne, Germany; Ladenburg, Germany; Morken, Germany; Neuss, Germany; Pesch, Germany; Nijmegen, Netherlands; Freixo, Portugal; Duraton, Spain; Penalba de Castro, Spain; Sepulveda, Spain
Matronae (no epithet)
Maison-Meane, France; Abenden, Germany; Allmendingen, Germany; Antweiler, Germany; Cologne, Germany; Eschweiler, Germany; Friedberg, Germany; Gripswald/Greifswald, Germany; Kommern, Germany; Linnich, Germany; Mainz, Germany; Morken, Germany; Pesch, Germany; Remagen, Germany; Trier, Germany; Xanten, Germany; Zingsheim, Germany; Albenga, Italy; Angera, Italy; Arcisate, Italy; Bene Vagienna, Italy; Borgodamero, Italy; Borgo San Dalmazzo, Italy; Brebbia, Italy; Brescia, Italy; Brienno, Italy; Cantu, Italy; Casalvolone, Italy; Dormelletto, Italy; Fino Mornasco, Italy; Foresto, Italy; Manerbio, Italy; Milano, Italy; Lomazzo, Italy; Rosate, Italy; Saravalle Scrivia, Italy; Susa, Italy; Vercello, Italy; Vimercate, Italy; Zuglio, Italy

What follows is a selection of the Matronae under more specific names, which may or may not refer to more specific entities.

Matronae Abiamarcae/Ambiamarcae
Bonn, Cologne, Deutz, Floisdorf, and Remagen in Germany
Matronae Abirenae/Ambirenae
Deutz, Germany
Matronae Afliae/Aflims
Cologne and Wesseling in Germany
Matronae Ahinehiae
Blankenheim, Germany
Matronae Ahueccanae
Gleuel, Germany
Matronae Alaferhuiae
Altdorf, Bonn, Dormagen, and Patteren in Germany
Matronae Alagabiae
Burgel, Germany
Matrae Alatervae
Cramond, Scotland
Matronae Albiahenae
Ober-Elvenich, Germany
Matronae Alhiahenae
Niedenstein, Germany
Matronae Almaviahenae
Thorr, Germany
Matronae Alusneihae
Derichsweiler and Inden-Pier in Germany
Matronae Amartninehae
Bonn, Germany
Matronae Ambioreneses
Deutz, Germany
Matronae Amfratninehae
Bonn, Germany
Matronae Amnesahenae
Thorr, Germany
Matronae Andrustehiae
Bonn, Cologne and Godesberg in Germany
Matronae Anesaminehae
Zulpich, Germany
Matrae Annaneptae
Xanten, Germany
Matronae Arvagastae
Muddersheim, Germany
Matronae Aserecinehae
Odendorf and Odenhausen in Germany
Matronae Atufrafinehae
Berkum, Germany
Matronae Audrinehae
Hermulheim, Germany
Matronae Aufaniae
Lyons in France; Bonn, Burgel, Cologne, Commern, Iulich, Mainz, Nettersheim, Pommern, Xanten, and Zulpich in Germany; Nimwegen in the Netherlands; and Carmona in Spain
Matronae Austriahenae
Bonn and Morken-Harff in Germany
Matronae Aviaitinehae
Burgel, Germany
Matronae Axsinginehae
Cologne, Germany
Matrae Baginatiae
Bellecombe and Sainte-Jalle in France
Matronae Berguiahenae
Gerennsweiler and Tetz in Germany
Matronae Boudunnehae
Cologne, Germany
Matrae Brigaecae
Penalba de Castro, Spain
Matronae Caimineae
Euskirchen, Germany
Matrae Campestris
Benwell, Cramond, and Gloster Hill in Britain
Matronae Cantrusteihae
Hoeilaart, Belgium, and Rheydt and Tetz in Germany
Matronae Chandrumanehae
Billig, Germany
Matronae Channihae or Chuchenehae
Merzenich and Zulpich in Germany
Matrae Comedovae
Aix-les-Bains, France
Matronae Dervonnae
Brescia and Milan in Italy
Matrae Domesticae
Burgh-by-Sands, Chichester, Stanwix and York in Britain
Matrae Duilliae
Palencia, Spain
Matrae Eburnicae
Yvours-sur-le-Rhone, France
Matronae Etrahenae
Bettenhofen, Pesch and Roedingen in Germany
Matronae Euthungae
Cologne, Germany
Matronae Fachineae
Euskirchen and Zingsheim in Germany
Matronae Fernovinehae
Cologne and Meckenheim in Germany
Matrae Frisavae
Wissen, Germany
Matronae Gabiae
Cologne, Iulich, Kirchheim, Muddersheim, Rohr, Rovenich and Xanten in Germany
Matronae Gabinae
Bornheim, Germany
Matronae Gantunae
Cologne, Germany
Matronae Gavadiae
Bettenhofen, Iulich, München-Gladbach, Roedingen and Thorr in Germany
Matrae Germanae
Cologne, Germany and Winchester, Britain
Matronae Gesahenae
Bettenhofen, Cologne, Deutz and Roedingen in Germany
Matrae Glanicae
Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France
Matronae Gratichae
Euskirchen, Germany
Matrae Griselicae
Greoux, France
Matronae Hamaheviae
Altdorf, Germany
Matronae Havae
Merzenich, Germany
Matronae Hiheraiae
Enzen, Germany
Matronae Ineae
Bonn, Germany
Matronae Iulineihiae
Muntz, Germany (near Julich, a city that still bears the goddesses’ name).
Matrae Kannanefates
Cologne, Germany
Matronae Lanehiae
Lechenich, Germany
Matronae Lubicae
Cologne, Germany
Matrae Mageiae
Anduze, France
Matrae Magiseniae
Strasbourg, France
Matronae Mahalinae or Mahlinehae
Benzelrath, Cologne and Deutz in Gerrmany
Matronae Malvisae
Cologne and Nieukerk in Germany
Matrae Marsacae
Xanten, Germany
Matronae Masanae
Cologne, Germany
Matrae Mediotautehae
Cologne, Germany
Matrae Menmandutiae
Beziers, France
Matrae Mogontiones
Agones, France
Matrae Mopates
Nimwegen in the Netherlands
Matronae Naitienae
Thorr, Germany
Matrae Nemausicae
Nimes, France
Matrae Nemetiales
Grenoble, France
Matronae Nersihenae
Iulich, Germany
Matronae Nervinae
Bavay, France
Matrae Noricae
Utrecht in the Netherlands
Matronae Octocannae
Gellep and Krefeld in Germany
Matrae Ollogabiae
Mainz, Germany
Matrae Ollototae
Binchester and Heronbridge in Britain
Matronae Ratheihiae
Euskirchen, Germany
Matrae Remae
Cologne, Germany
Matronae Renahenae
Bonn, Germany
Matrae Rocloisiabo
Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France.
Matronae Romanehae
Bonn, Bornheim, Burgel, Euskirchen, Iulich, Rommers-Kirchen, and Weilerswist in Germany
Matronae Saitchamiae
Hoven, Germany
Matronae Seccanahae
Euskirchen, Germany
Matronae Senonae
Metz, France and Boeckingen, Germany
Matrae Suebae
Cologne and Deutz in Germany
Matrae Suleviae
Bath, Cirencester and Colchester in Britain; Collias, Marquise, Strasbourg, Velleron, Venasque and Vienne-en-Val in France; Alzey, Bingen, Cologne, Ladenburg, Nassenfels, Trier and Xanten in Germany; Budapest, Hungary; Rome, Italy; Nimwegen, Netherlands; Karlsburg/Alba Iulia, Romania
Matronae Teniavehae
Blankenheim, Germany
Matronae Textumeihae
Boich, Floisdorf and Soller in Germany
Matrae Treverae
Birten, Germany
Matronae Tummaestiae
Sinzenich, Germany
Matronae Turstuahenae
Duren and Vettweiss in Germany
Matrae Ubelkabae
St. Zacharie, France
Matronae Udravarinehae
Cologne and Thorr in Germany
Matronae Ulauhinehae
Zulpich in Germany
Matronae Vacallinehae
Aachen, Antweiler, Endenich, Iulich, Iversheim, Lessenich, Pesch and Satzvey in Germany
Matrae Vagionae
Niedernberg, Germany
Matronae Vallabnaehiae
Cologne, Germany
Matronae Vanamianehae
Thorr, Germany
Matronae Vanginehae
Erfstadt Friesheim, Germany
Matrae Vapthiae
Known from an inscription found somewhere in the river Rhine.
Matronae Vataranehae
Embken, Nideggen-Abenden, Rommerskirchen and Wollersheim in Germany
Matronae Vatviae
Gusten, Hasselsweiler, Iulich, Lipp, Morken-Harff and Roedingen in Germany
Matronae Vediantiae
Cimiez, France
Matronae Vesuniahenae
Vettweis and Zulpich in Germany
Matrae Vroicae
Rogues, France
Matronae Xulsigiae
Trier, Germany

Literary evidence
Unknown

Archaeological evidence
Andau, Austria (Matrae); Hoeilaart, Belgium (Matronae Cantrusteihae); Adel, Britain (Matrae); Aldborough, Britain (Matrae); Bath, Britain (Matrae Suleviae); Benwell, Britain (Matrae Campestris); Binchester, Britain (Matrae: Matrae Ollototae); Birdoswald, Britain (Matrae); Bowness-on-Solway, Britain (Matrae); Burgh-by-Sands, Britain (Matrae Domesticae); Carlisle, Britain (Matrae); Carrawburgh, Britain (Matrae); Carvoran, Britain (Matrae); Castlecary, Britain (Matrae); Castle Hill, Britain (Matrae Campestris); Castelsteads, Britain (Matrae); Chester, Britain (Matrae); Chesterholm, Britain (Matrae); Chichester, Britain (Matrae Domesticae); Cirencester, Britain (Matrae, Matrae Suleviae); Colchester, Britain (Matrae Suleviae); Cramond, Britain (Matrae Alatervae, Matrae Campestris); Daglingsworth, Britain (Matrae); Doncaster, Britain (Matrae); Gloster Hill, Britain (Matrae Campestris); Heronbridge, Britain (Matrae Ollototae); Housesteads, Britain (Matrae); Little Walsingham, Britain (Matrae); London, Britain (Matrae); Mumrills, Britain (Matrae); Newstead, Britain (Matrae Campestris); Newcastle upon Tyne, Britain (Matrae); Ribchester, Britain (Matrae); Rochester, Britain (Matrae); Skinburness, Britain (Matrae); Stanwis, Britain (Matrae, Matrae Domesticae); Winchester, Britain (Matrae Germanae); York, Britain (Matrae, Matrae Domesticae); Agones, France (Matrae Mogontiones); Aix-en-Provence, France (Matrae); Aix-les-Bains, France (Matrae Comedovae); Anduze, France (Matrae Mageiae); Bavay, France (Matronae Nervinae); Beire-le-Chatel, France (Matrae); Bellecombe, France (Matrae Baginatiae); Beziers, France (Matrae Menmandutiae); Bure la ville, France (Matrae); Carpentras, France (Matrae); Cimiez, France (Matronae Vediantiae); Collias, France (Matrae Suleviae); Curnier, France (Matrae); Grenoble, France (Matrae Nemetiales); Greoulx, France (Matrae Griselicae); Labeaume, France (Matrae); Lyons, France (Matronae Aufaniae); Maison-Meane, France (Matronae); Marquise, France (Matrae Suleviae); Marseille, France (Matrae); Metz, France (Matronae Senonae); Narbonne, France (Matrae); Nimes, France (Matrae Nemausicae); Rasteau, France (Matrae); Rogues, France (Matrae Vroicae); Sainte-Jalle, France (Matrae, Matrae Baginatiae); Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France (Matronae Glanicae, Matrae Rocloisiabo); Savoillan, France (Matrae); Strasbourg, France (Matrae Magiseniae, Matrae Suleviae); St. Zacharie, France (Matrae Ubelkabae); Vaison-la-Romaine, France (Matrae); Velleron, France (Matrae Suleviae); Venasque, France (Matrae Suleviae); Vienne-et-Val, France (Matrae Suleviae); Yvours-sur-le-Rhone, France (Matrae Eburnicae); Aachen, Germany (Matronae Vacallinehae); Abenden, Germany (Matronae) Allmendingen, Germany (Matrae, Matronae); Alzey, Germany (Matrae Suleviae); Altdorf, Germany (Matronae Alaferhuiaem, Matronae Hamaheviae); Andernach, Germany (Matrae); Antweiler, Germany (Matronae, Matronae Vacallinehae); Benzelrath, Germany (Matronae Mahalinae/Mahlinehae); Berkum, Germany (Matronae Atufrafinehae); Bettenhofen, Germany (Matronae Etrahenae, Matronae Gavadiae, Matronae Gesahenae); Billig, Germany (Matronae Chandrumanehae); Bingen, Germany (Matrae Suleviae); Birten, Germany (Matrae Treverae); Blankenheim, Germany (Matronae Ahinehiae, Matronae Teniavehae); Boeckingen, Germany (Matronae Senonae); Boich, Germany (Matronae Textumeihae); Bonn, Germany (Matrae, Matronae Alaferhuiae, Matronae Amartninehae, Matronae Ambiamarcae, Matronae Amfratninehae, Matronae Andrustehiae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Austriahenae, Matronae Ineae, Matronae Renahenae, Matronae Romanehae); Bornheim, Germany (Matronae Gabinae); Bromheim, Germany (Matronae Romanehae); Burgel, Germany (Matronae Alagabiae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Aviaitinehae, Matronae Romanehae); Cologne, Germany (Matrae, Matronae, Matronae Afliae, Matronae Ambiamarcae, Matronae Andrustehiae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Axsinginehae, Matronae Boudunnehae, Matronae Euthungae, Matronae Fernovinehae, Matronae Gabiae, Matronae Gantunae, Matrae Germanae, Matronae Gesahenae, Matrae Kannanefates, Matronae Lubicae, Matronae Mahalinae/Mahlinehae, Matronae Malvisae, Matronae Masanae, Matrae Mediotautehae, Matrae Remae, Matrae Suebae, Matres Suleviae, Matronae Udravarinehae, Matronae Vallabnaehiae); Commern, Germany (Matronae, Matronae Aufaniae); Derichsweiler, Germany (Matronae Alusneihae); Deutz, Germany (Matronae Abirenae, Matronae Ambioreneses, Matronae Gesahenae, Matronae Mahalinae/Mahlinehae, Matrae Suebae); Dormagen, Germany (Matronae Alaferhuiae); Duren, Germany (Matronae Turstuahenae); Embken, Germany (Matronae Vataranehae); Endenich, Germany (Matronae Vacallinehae); Enzen, Germany (Matronae Hiheraiae); Erfstadt Friesheim, Germany (Matronae Vanginehae); Eschweiler, Germany (Matronae); Euskirchen, Germany (Matronae Caimineae, Matronae Fachineae, Matronae Gratichae, Matronae Ratheihiae, Matronae Romanehae, Matronae Seccanahae); Floisdorf, Germany (Matronae Abiamarcae, Matronae Textumeihae); Friedberg, Germany (Matronae); Gellep, Germany (Matronae Octocannae); Gerennsweiler, Germany (Matronae Berguiahenae); Gleuel, Germany (Matronae Ahueccanae); Godesberg, Germany (Matronae Andrustehiae); Greifswald, Germany (Matronae); Gusten, Germany (Matronae Vatviae); Hasselsweiler, Germany (Matronae Vatviae); Hermulheim, Germany (Matronae Audrinehae); Hoven, Germany (Matronae Saitchamiae); Inden-Pier, Germany (Matronae Alusneihae); Iulich, Germany (Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Gabiae, Matronae Gavadiae, Matronae Nersihenae, Matronae Romanehae, Matronae Vacallinehae, Matronae Vatviae); Iversheim, Germany (Matronae Vacallinehae); Kirchheim, Germany (Matronae Gabiae); Krefeld, Germany (Matronae Octocannae); Ladenburg, Germany (Matrae, Matrae Suleviae); Lechenich, Germany (Matronae Lanehiae); Lessenich, Germany (Matronae Vacallinehae); Linnich, Germany (Matronae); Lipp, Germany (Matronae Vatviae); Mainz, Germany (Matronae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matrae Ollogabiae); Meckenheim, Germany (Matronae Fernovinehae); Merzenich, Germany (Matronae Channihae or Chuchenehae, Matronae Havae) Morken-Harff, Germany (Matrae, Matronae, Matronae Austriahenae, Matronae Vatviae); Muddersheim, Germany (Matronae Arvagastae, Matronae Gabiae); Munchen-Gladbach, Germany (Matronae Gavadiae); Muntz, Germany (Matronae Iulineihiae); Nassenfels, Germany (Matrae Suleviae); Nettersheim, Germany (Matronae Aufaniae); Neuss, Germany (Neuss); Nideggen-Abenden, Germany (Matronae Vataranehae); Niedenstein, Germany (Matronae Alhiahenae); Niedernberg, Germany (Matrae Vagionae); Nieukerk, Germany (Matronae Malvisae); Ober-Elvenich, Germany (Matronae Albiahenae); Odendorf, Germany (Matronae Aserecinehae); Odenhausen, Germany (Matronae Aserecinehae); Patteren, Germany (Matronae Alaferhuiae); Pesch, Germany (Matrae, Matronae, Matronae Etrahenae, Matronae Vacallinehae); Pommern, Germany (Matronae Aufaniae); Remagen, Germany (Matronae, Matronae Ambiamarcae); Rheydt, Germany (Matronae Cantrusteihae); Roedingen, Germany (Matronae Etrahenae, Matronae Gavadiae, Matronae Gesahenae, Matronae Vatviae); Rohr, Germany (Matronae Gabiae); Rommerskirchen, Germany (Matronae Romanehae, Matronae Vataranehae); Rovenich, Germany (Matronae Gabiae); Salzvey, Germany (Matronae Vacallinehae); Sinzenich, Germany (Matronae Tummaestiae); Soller, Germany (Matronae Textumeihae);Tetz, Germany (Matronae Berguiahenae, Matronae Cantrusteihae); Thorr, Germany (Matronae Almaviahenae, Matronae Amnesahenae, Matronae Gavadiae, Matronae Naitienae, Matronae Udravarinehae, Matronae Vanamianehae); Trier, Germany (Matronae, Matrae Suleviae, Matronae Xulsigiae); Vettweis, Germany (Matronae Turstuahenae, Matronae Vesuniahenae); Weilerswist, Germany (Matronae Romanehae); Wesseling, Germany (Matronae Afliae); Wissen, Germany (Matrae Frisavae); Wollersheim, Germany (Matronae Vataranehae); Xanten, Germany (Matronae, Matrae Annaneptae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Gabiae, Matrae Marsacae, Matrae Suleviae); Zingsheim, Germany (Matronae, Matronae Fachineae); Zulpich, Germany (Matronae Anesaminehae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Channihae or Chuchenehae, Matronae Ulauhinehae, Matronae Vesuniahenae); Budapest, Hungary (Matrae Suleviae); Albenga, Italy (Matronae); Angera, Italy (Matronae); Arcisate, Italy (Matronae); Bene Vagienna, Italy (Matronae); Borgomanero, Italy (Matronae); Borgo San Dalmazzo, Italy (Matronae); Brebbia, Italy (Matronae); Brescia, Italy (Matronae, Matronae Dervonnae); Brienno, Italy (Matronae); Cantu, Italy (Matronae); Casalvolone, Italy (Matronae); Dormelletto, Italy (Matronae); Fino Mornasco, Italy (Matronae); Foresto, Italy (Matronae); Lomazzo, Italy (Matronae); Manerbio, Italy (Matronae); Milan, Italy (Matronae, Matronae Dervonnae); Rosate, Italy (Matronae); Rome, Italy (Matrae Suleviae); Serravalle Scrivia, Italy (Matronae); Susa, Italy (Matronae); Vercelli, Italy (Matronae); Vimercate, Italy (Matronae); Zuglio, Italy (Matronae); Nimwegen, Netherlands (Matrae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matrae Mopates, Matrae Suleviae); Utrecht, Netherlands (Matrae Noricae); Freixo, Portutal (Matrae); Karlsburg, Romania (Matrae Suleviae); Carmona, Spain (Matronae Aufaniae); Duraton, Spain (Matrae); Palencia, Spain (Matrae Duilliae); Penalba de Castro, Spain (Matrae, Matrae Brigaecae); River Rhine (Matrae Vapthiae)

Key:
Blue – Matrae with no epithet
Dark blue – Matrae with various epithets
Red – Matronae with no epithet
Dark red – Matronae with various epithets



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