The Matrones/Matronae or Matres/Matrae (Mothers) are Celtic and Germanic goddesses widely worshipped in Gaul and Britain; they were almost always depicted in groups of three. They are protectors of home, family and community, bringers of good fortune and providers of plenty.
Quite a few of the goddess triads had additional names as well, epithets sometimes referring to location or tribal affiliation. Whether these were considered to be separate sets of entities from one another is uncertain, but the iconography remained fairly consistent from group to group: three female figures, often accompanied by symbols of fertility, prosperity and abundance.
The Mothers are interesting in that they were worshipped by both Celtic and Germanic tribes; they are a good example of the fluidity of religious practice in the Gaulish and Germanic regions. Whether a particular set of Mothers is Celtic or Germanic can sometimes be determined linguistically although this isn’t always possible. To some extent you can say that most of the Matronae groups are centered in those areas occupied by Germanic tribes, particularly around the Rhine river, while the Matrae groups are usually located in Gaul and Britain, but there are exceptions to this rather loose rule, and in some areas you’ll find inscriptions to both the Matrae and the Matronae.
Myth
Unknown.
Cult
The Matrones received votive and dedicatory offerings from their worshippers; otherwise little is known of the specifics of their cult.
Etymology
The native name or names of the Matrones/Matres, if any, are unknown; the titles Matrae or Matronae are Latin for “mothers” and are Roman in origin.
The more specific names of the goddesses can be difficult to analyze etymologically, even as to whether they are Germanic or Celtic in origin.
- Matronae Abiamarcae/Ambiamarcae
- May have derived from the Proto-Germanic *marko or “boundary” and the Proto-Celtic *ambi or “around,” suggesting a concern with territory.
- Matronae Abirenae/Ambirenae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *ambi or “around” and *rhenus or “river,” which we still see in the Rhine river.
- Matronae Afliae/Aflims
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *afla or “power, strength.”
- Matronae Ahinehiae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Ahueccanae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Alagabiae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *alla or “all” and *geban or “to give,” suggesting a meaning of “all giving ones.”
- Matrae Alatervae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *alla or “all” and *trewa or “tree.”
- Matronae Albiahenae
- Likely a blended Celto-Germanic name deriving from the Proto-Celtic *albiyo or “world” and the suffix *henae often seen in the names of Germanic goddesses.
- Matronae Alhiahenae
- Derivation uncertain but could be connected to the Proto-Germanic *alh or “temple.”
- Matronae Almaviahenae
- Derivation uncertain but is considered at least partially Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Alusneihae
- Derivation uncertain although I have seen it suggested that the name comes from the Proto-Germanic *aluth or “ale.”
- Matronae Amartninehae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matronae Ambioreneses
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *ambi or “around” and *rhenus or “river.”
- Matronae Amfratninehae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *froda or “wise, able.”
- Matronae Amnesahenae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matronae Andrustehiae
- May derive from the Proto-Indo-European *deru or “tree.”
- Matronae Anesaminehae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matres Annaneptae
- Derivation uncertain but I’ve seen it suggested that it comes from the Proto-Germanic *nefti or “niece or (more broadly) female relative.”
- Matronae Arvagastae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matronae Aserecinehae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matronae Atufrafinehae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Audrinehae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Aufaniae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *fanja or “fen, swamp.”
- Matronae Austriahenae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *austera or “east.”
- Matronae Aviaitinehae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Axsinginehae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matres Baginatiae
- May be connected to the Proto-Celtic *bagos or “beech tree.”
- Matronae Berguiahenae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matronae Boudunnehae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *bowdi or “victory.”
- Matres Brigaecae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *briga or “power.”
- Matronae Caimineae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matres Campestris
- Literal meaning in Latin is “mothers of the parade grounds.”
- Matronae Cantrusteihae
- May have been associated with the Germanic Condrusi tribe.
- Matronae Chandrumanehae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matronae Channihae or Chuchenehae
- Derivation uncertain but may have derived in part from the Proto-Germanic *hauha or “high.”
- Matres Comedovae
- May have derived from the Proto-Celtic *medu or “mead,” connecting these goddesses etymologically with other Celtic intoxication deities like the Irish Medb and the Gaulish Meduna.
- Matronae Dervonnae
- Derives from the Proto-Celtic *derwo or “oak,” suggesting a meaning of “mothers of the oak.”
- Matres Domesticae
- Literal meaning in Latin is “mothers of the home (or homeland).”
- Matres Duilliae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *dol-u or “leaf.”
- Matres Eburnicae
- Derives from the Proto-Celtic *eburo or “yew,” suggesting a meaning of “mothers of the yew.”
- Matronae Etrahenae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *edara or “fence,” suggesting a protective deity.
- Matronae Euthungae
- May have been associated with the Germanic Iuthungi tribe.
- Matronae Fachineae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Fernovinehae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matres Frisavae
- May have been associated with the Germanic Frisii tribe.
- Matronae Gabiae
- Likely to derive from the Proto-Germanic *geban or “to give.”
- Matronae Gabinae
- Likely to derive from the Proto-Germanic *geban or “to give.”
- Matronae Gantunae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *gans or “goose” or *ganuto or “gander.”
- Matronae Gavadiae
- Contains the Celtic root *gavo, meaning unknown.
- Matres Germanae
- Literal meaning in Latin is “Germanic mothers.”
- Matronae Gesahenae
- Celto-Germanic goddesses who may be linked to the Celtic Gaesati tribe and thus to the Proto-Celtic *gayso or “spear.”
- Matres Glanicae
- May be connected to the Proto-Celtic *glano or “clear,” likely a reference to clean, clear water. Etymologically connected to the ancient Gaulish city of Glanum, near Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France.
- Matronae Gratichae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matres Griselicae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matronae Hamaheviae
- May have been associated with the Germanic Chamavi tribe.
- Matronae Havae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matronae Hiheraiae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Ineae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matronae Iulineihiae
- Likely connected etymologically to the nearby Roman city of Iuliacum, now known as Julich.
- Matres Kannanefates
- May have been associated with the Germanic Canenefatae tribe.
- Matronae Lanehiae
- Likely connected etymologically to the nearby city of Laciniacum, now known as Lechenich.
- Matronae Lubicae
- Derivation uncertain; I’ve seen them connected to the Proto-Celtic *lubo or “love” as well as to the Proto-Germanic *lubja or “herb, potion.”
- Matres Mageiae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *magos or “field.”
- Matres Magiseniae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *magos or “field” and *seno or “old,” a possible reference to an ancient land or ancient piece of ground.
- Matronae Mahalinae or Mahlinehae
- Likely connected etymologically to the city of Mechelen (near Antwerp, Belgium).
- Matronae Malvisae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matres Marsacae
- May have been associated with the Germanic Marsicii tribe.
- Matronae Masanae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matres Mediotautehae
- Celto-Germanic goddesses whose name may derive from the Proto-Celtic *medjo or “middle” and *towta or “people, tribe.” Another possibility includes a connection to the Proto-Celtic *medo or “to judge.”
- Matres Menmandutiae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *menman or “thought, mind.”
- Matres Mogontiones
- May be etymologically related to the GaulishCeltic god Mogons; may thus derive from the Proto-Indo-European *mag-u or “young person, youth.”
- Matres Mopates
- May be etymologically related to the Gaulish Celtic god Maponus (and his cognate, the Welsh Mabon).
- Matronae Naitienae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matres Nemausicae
- Likely connected etymologically to the city of Nemausus, now known as Nimes.
- Matres Nemetiales
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *nemeto or “sanctuary, sacred grove”; may translate to “mothers of the sacred grove.” Etymologically related to the goddess Nemetona.
- Matronae Nersihenae
- Derivation uncertain, may be connected etymologically to the Niers River.
- Matronae Nervinae
- May have been associated with the Nervii, a Belgic tribe located in a region with both Celtic and Germanic linguistic influences.
- Matres Noricae
- May have been connected etymologically with Noricum, a group of Celtic tribes.
- Matronae Octocannae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *owxtu or “cold” or to *fuxtaka or “pine tree.”
- Matres Ollogabiae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *ollyo or “all” and *gabyo or “to hold.”
- Matres Ollototae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *ollyo or “all” and *towta or “tribe, people.”
- Matronae Ratheihiae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin. May come from the Proto-Germanic *ratha or “wheel.”
- Matres Remae
- May have been associated with the Celtic Remi tribe.
- Matronae Renahenae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin. Could be connected with the Rhine River.
- Matres Rocloisiabo
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *klowsta or “hearing. Could suggest a meaning of “mothers who hear [prayers].”
- Matronae Romanehae
- Literal meaning in Latin is “Roman mothers”; I’ve seen it suggested that this refers to a Roman settlement rather than to Rome itself.
- Matronae Saithamiae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *saida or “magic, charm, spell.” Connected to the Old Norse term seidh.
- Matronae Seccanahae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *sego or “power.”
- Matronae Senonae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic seno or “old.”
- Matres Suebae
- May have been associated with the Suebi, a group of Germanic tribes.
- Matres Suleviae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *su or “good”; alternatively it may be cognate with the Old Irish suil or “eye” which derives from the Proto-Celtic *sawol or “sun.” They are not, as is sometimes thought, a multiple of the British healing goddess Sulis.
- Matronae Teniavehae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Textumeihae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matres Treverae
- May have been associated with the Treveri tribe.
- Matronae Tummaestiae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Turstuahenae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *thurisa or “giant.”
- Matres Ubelkabae
- Derivation uncertain.
- Matronae Udravarinehae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Ulauhinehae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Vacallinehae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matres Vagionae
- May have been associated with the Germanic Vangiones tribe.
- Matronae Vallabnaehiae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Vanamianehae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Vanginehae
- May derive from the Proto-German *wanga or “meadow.”
- Matres Vapthiae
- Derivation uncertain but generally considered to be Germanic in origin.
- Matronae Vataranehae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *watar or “water.”
- Matronae Vatviae
- May derive from the Proto-Germanic *watar or “water.”
- Matronae Vediantiae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *gwedyo or “to pray”; may have been associated with the Ligurian Vediantii tribe.
- Matronae Vesuniahenae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *wesu or “noble, excellent”; may be etymologically related to the goddess Vesunna.
- Matres Vroicae
- May derive from the Proto-Celtic *wroiko or “heath.”
- Matronae Xulsigiae
- Derivation uncertain.
Region
The Mothers were worshipped widely over ancient Gaul and Germania. Hundreds of inscriptions to the three goddesses have been found, spread over a large part of Europe, although there is a particularly strong center of worship in what is now eastern Germany and western France; the city of Cologne, Germany in particular was home to quite a few different sets of goddesses, both Matrae and Matronae.
- Matrae (no epithet)
- Andau, Austria; Adel, England; Aldborough, England; Binchester, England; Birdoswald, England; Bowness-on-Solway, England; Carlisle, England; Carrawburgh, England; Carvoran, England; Castlecary, England; Castlesteads, England; Chester, England; Chesterholm, England; Cirencester, England; Daglingworth, England; Doncaster, England; Halton Chesters, England; Housesteads, Englamd; London, England; Little Walsingham, England; Mumrills, England; Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England; Ribchester, England; Rochester, England; Skinburness, England; Stanwix, England; York, England; Aix-en-Provence, France; Beire-le-Chatel, France; Bure-la-Ville, France; Carpentras, France; Curnier, France; Labeaume, France; Marseilles, France; Narbonne, France; Rasteau, France; Sainte-Jalle, France; Savoillan, France; Vaison-la-Romaine, France; Allmendingen, Germany; Andernach, Germany; Bonn, Germany; Cologne, Germany; Ladenburg, Germany; Morken, Germany; Neuss, Germany; Pesch, Germany; Nijmegen, Netherlands; Freixo, Portugal; Duraton, Spain; Penalba de Castro, Spain; Sepulveda, Spain
- Matronae (no epithet)
- Maison-Meane, France; Abenden, Germany; Allmendingen, Germany; Antweiler, Germany; Cologne, Germany; Eschweiler, Germany; Friedberg, Germany; Gripswald/Greifswald, Germany; Kommern, Germany; Linnich, Germany; Mainz, Germany; Morken, Germany; Pesch, Germany; Remagen, Germany; Trier, Germany; Xanten, Germany; Zingsheim, Germany; Albenga, Italy; Angera, Italy; Arcisate, Italy; Bene Vagienna, Italy; Borgodamero, Italy; Borgo San Dalmazzo, Italy; Brebbia, Italy; Brescia, Italy; Brienno, Italy; Cantu, Italy; Casalvolone, Italy; Dormelletto, Italy; Fino Mornasco, Italy; Foresto, Italy; Manerbio, Italy; Milano, Italy; Lomazzo, Italy; Rosate, Italy; Saravalle Scrivia, Italy; Susa, Italy; Vercello, Italy; Vimercate, Italy; Zuglio, Italy
What follows is a selection of the Matronae under more specific names, which may or may not refer to more specific entities.
- Matronae Abiamarcae/Ambiamarcae
- Bonn, Cologne, Deutz, Floisdorf, and Remagen in Germany
- Matronae Abirenae/Ambirenae
- Deutz, Germany
- Matronae Afliae/Aflims
- Cologne and Wesseling in Germany
- Matronae Ahinehiae
- Blankenheim, Germany
- Matronae Ahueccanae
- Gleuel, Germany
- Matronae Alaferhuiae
- Altdorf, Bonn, Dormagen, and Patteren in Germany
- Matronae Alagabiae
- Burgel, Germany
- Matrae Alatervae
- Cramond, Scotland
- Matronae Albiahenae
- Ober-Elvenich, Germany
- Matronae Alhiahenae
- Niedenstein, Germany
- Matronae Almaviahenae
- Thorr, Germany
- Matronae Alusneihae
- Derichsweiler and Inden-Pier in Germany
- Matronae Amartninehae
- Bonn, Germany
- Matronae Ambioreneses
- Deutz, Germany
- Matronae Amfratninehae
- Bonn, Germany
- Matronae Amnesahenae
- Thorr, Germany
- Matronae Andrustehiae
- Bonn, Cologne and Godesberg in Germany
- Matronae Anesaminehae
- Zulpich, Germany
- Matrae Annaneptae
- Xanten, Germany
- Matronae Arvagastae
- Muddersheim, Germany
- Matronae Aserecinehae
- Odendorf and Odenhausen in Germany
- Matronae Atufrafinehae
- Berkum, Germany
- Matronae Audrinehae
- Hermulheim, Germany
- Matronae Aufaniae
- Lyons in France; Bonn, Burgel, Cologne, Commern, Iulich, Mainz, Nettersheim, Pommern, Xanten, and Zulpich in Germany; Nimwegen in the Netherlands; and Carmona in Spain
- Matronae Austriahenae
- Bonn and Morken-Harff in Germany
- Matronae Aviaitinehae
- Burgel, Germany
- Matronae Axsinginehae
- Cologne, Germany
- Matrae Baginatiae
- Bellecombe and Sainte-Jalle in France
- Matronae Berguiahenae
- Gerennsweiler and Tetz in Germany
- Matronae Boudunnehae
- Cologne, Germany
- Matrae Brigaecae
- Penalba de Castro, Spain
- Matronae Caimineae
- Euskirchen, Germany
- Matrae Campestris
- Benwell, Cramond, and Gloster Hill in Britain
- Matronae Cantrusteihae
- Hoeilaart, Belgium, and Rheydt and Tetz in Germany
- Matronae Chandrumanehae
- Billig, Germany
- Matronae Channihae or Chuchenehae
- Merzenich and Zulpich in Germany
- Matrae Comedovae
- Aix-les-Bains, France
- Matronae Dervonnae
- Brescia and Milan in Italy
- Matrae Domesticae
- Burgh-by-Sands, Chichester, Stanwix and York in Britain
- Matrae Duilliae
- Palencia, Spain
- Matrae Eburnicae
- Yvours-sur-le-Rhone, France
- Matronae Etrahenae
- Bettenhofen, Pesch and Roedingen in Germany
- Matronae Euthungae
- Cologne, Germany
- Matronae Fachineae
- Euskirchen and Zingsheim in Germany
- Matronae Fernovinehae
- Cologne and Meckenheim in Germany
- Matrae Frisavae
- Wissen, Germany
- Matronae Gabiae
- Cologne, Iulich, Kirchheim, Muddersheim, Rohr, Rovenich and Xanten in Germany
- Matronae Gabinae
- Bornheim, Germany
- Matronae Gantunae
- Cologne, Germany
- Matronae Gavadiae
- Bettenhofen, Iulich, München-Gladbach, Roedingen and Thorr in Germany
- Matrae Germanae
- Cologne, Germany and Winchester, Britain
- Matronae Gesahenae
- Bettenhofen, Cologne, Deutz and Roedingen in Germany
- Matrae Glanicae
- Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France
- Matronae Gratichae
- Euskirchen, Germany
- Matrae Griselicae
- Greoux, France
- Matronae Hamaheviae
- Altdorf, Germany
- Matronae Havae
- Merzenich, Germany
- Matronae Hiheraiae
- Enzen, Germany
- Matronae Ineae
- Bonn, Germany
- Matronae Iulineihiae
- Muntz, Germany (near Julich, a city that still bears the goddesses’ name).
- Matrae Kannanefates
- Cologne, Germany
- Matronae Lanehiae
- Lechenich, Germany
- Matronae Lubicae
- Cologne, Germany
- Matrae Mageiae
- Anduze, France
- Matrae Magiseniae
- Strasbourg, France
- Matronae Mahalinae or Mahlinehae
- Benzelrath, Cologne and Deutz in Gerrmany
- Matronae Malvisae
- Cologne and Nieukerk in Germany
- Matrae Marsacae
- Xanten, Germany
- Matronae Masanae
- Cologne, Germany
- Matrae Mediotautehae
- Cologne, Germany
- Matrae Menmandutiae
- Beziers, France
- Matrae Mogontiones
- Agones, France
- Matrae Mopates
- Nimwegen in the Netherlands
- Matronae Naitienae
- Thorr, Germany
- Matrae Nemausicae
- Nimes, France
- Matrae Nemetiales
- Grenoble, France
- Matronae Nersihenae
- Iulich, Germany
- Matronae Nervinae
- Bavay, France
- Matrae Noricae
- Utrecht in the Netherlands
- Matronae Octocannae
- Gellep and Krefeld in Germany
- Matrae Ollogabiae
- Mainz, Germany
- Matrae Ollototae
- Binchester and Heronbridge in Britain
- Matronae Ratheihiae
- Euskirchen, Germany
- Matrae Remae
- Cologne, Germany
- Matronae Renahenae
- Bonn, Germany
- Matrae Rocloisiabo
- Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France.
- Matronae Romanehae
- Bonn, Bornheim, Burgel, Euskirchen, Iulich, Rommers-Kirchen, and Weilerswist in Germany
- Matronae Saitchamiae
- Hoven, Germany
- Matronae Seccanahae
- Euskirchen, Germany
- Matronae Senonae
- Metz, France and Boeckingen, Germany
- Matrae Suebae
- Cologne and Deutz in Germany
- Matrae Suleviae
- Bath, Cirencester and Colchester in Britain; Collias, Marquise, Strasbourg, Velleron, Venasque and Vienne-en-Val in France; Alzey, Bingen, Cologne, Ladenburg, Nassenfels, Trier and Xanten in Germany; Budapest, Hungary; Rome, Italy; Nimwegen, Netherlands; Karlsburg/Alba Iulia, Romania
- Matronae Teniavehae
- Blankenheim, Germany
- Matronae Textumeihae
- Boich, Floisdorf and Soller in Germany
- Matrae Treverae
- Birten, Germany
- Matronae Tummaestiae
- Sinzenich, Germany
- Matronae Turstuahenae
- Duren and Vettweiss in Germany
- Matrae Ubelkabae
- St. Zacharie, France
- Matronae Udravarinehae
- Cologne and Thorr in Germany
- Matronae Ulauhinehae
- Zulpich in Germany
- Matronae Vacallinehae
- Aachen, Antweiler, Endenich, Iulich, Iversheim, Lessenich, Pesch and Satzvey in Germany
- Matrae Vagionae
- Niedernberg, Germany
- Matronae Vallabnaehiae
- Cologne, Germany
- Matronae Vanamianehae
- Thorr, Germany
- Matronae Vanginehae
- Erfstadt Friesheim, Germany
- Matrae Vapthiae
- Known from an inscription found somewhere in the river Rhine.
- Matronae Vataranehae
- Embken, Nideggen-Abenden, Rommerskirchen and Wollersheim in Germany
- Matronae Vatviae
- Gusten, Hasselsweiler, Iulich, Lipp, Morken-Harff and Roedingen in Germany
- Matronae Vediantiae
- Cimiez, France
- Matronae Vesuniahenae
- Vettweis and Zulpich in Germany
- Matrae Vroicae
- Rogues, France
- Matronae Xulsigiae
- Trier, Germany
Literary evidence
Unknown
Archaeological evidence
Andau, Austria (Matrae); Hoeilaart, Belgium (Matronae Cantrusteihae); Adel, Britain (Matrae); Aldborough, Britain (Matrae); Bath, Britain (Matrae Suleviae); Benwell, Britain (Matrae Campestris); Binchester, Britain (Matrae: Matrae Ollototae); Birdoswald, Britain (Matrae); Bowness-on-Solway, Britain (Matrae); Burgh-by-Sands, Britain (Matrae Domesticae); Carlisle, Britain (Matrae); Carrawburgh, Britain (Matrae); Carvoran, Britain (Matrae); Castlecary, Britain (Matrae); Castle Hill, Britain (Matrae Campestris); Castelsteads, Britain (Matrae); Chester, Britain (Matrae); Chesterholm, Britain (Matrae); Chichester, Britain (Matrae Domesticae); Cirencester, Britain (Matrae, Matrae Suleviae); Colchester, Britain (Matrae Suleviae); Cramond, Britain (Matrae Alatervae, Matrae Campestris); Daglingsworth, Britain (Matrae); Doncaster, Britain (Matrae); Gloster Hill, Britain (Matrae Campestris); Heronbridge, Britain (Matrae Ollototae); Housesteads, Britain (Matrae); Little Walsingham, Britain (Matrae); London, Britain (Matrae); Mumrills, Britain (Matrae); Newstead, Britain (Matrae Campestris); Newcastle upon Tyne, Britain (Matrae); Ribchester, Britain (Matrae); Rochester, Britain (Matrae); Skinburness, Britain (Matrae); Stanwis, Britain (Matrae, Matrae Domesticae); Winchester, Britain (Matrae Germanae); York, Britain (Matrae, Matrae Domesticae); Agones, France (Matrae Mogontiones); Aix-en-Provence, France (Matrae); Aix-les-Bains, France (Matrae Comedovae); Anduze, France (Matrae Mageiae); Bavay, France (Matronae Nervinae); Beire-le-Chatel, France (Matrae); Bellecombe, France (Matrae Baginatiae); Beziers, France (Matrae Menmandutiae); Bure la ville, France (Matrae); Carpentras, France (Matrae); Cimiez, France (Matronae Vediantiae); Collias, France (Matrae Suleviae); Curnier, France (Matrae); Grenoble, France (Matrae Nemetiales); Greoulx, France (Matrae Griselicae); Labeaume, France (Matrae); Lyons, France (Matronae Aufaniae); Maison-Meane, France (Matronae); Marquise, France (Matrae Suleviae); Marseille, France (Matrae); Metz, France (Matronae Senonae); Narbonne, France (Matrae); Nimes, France (Matrae Nemausicae); Rasteau, France (Matrae); Rogues, France (Matrae Vroicae); Sainte-Jalle, France (Matrae, Matrae Baginatiae); Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France (Matronae Glanicae, Matrae Rocloisiabo); Savoillan, France (Matrae); Strasbourg, France (Matrae Magiseniae, Matrae Suleviae); St. Zacharie, France (Matrae Ubelkabae); Vaison-la-Romaine, France (Matrae); Velleron, France (Matrae Suleviae); Venasque, France (Matrae Suleviae); Vienne-et-Val, France (Matrae Suleviae); Yvours-sur-le-Rhone, France (Matrae Eburnicae); Aachen, Germany (Matronae Vacallinehae); Abenden, Germany (Matronae) Allmendingen, Germany (Matrae, Matronae); Alzey, Germany (Matrae Suleviae); Altdorf, Germany (Matronae Alaferhuiaem, Matronae Hamaheviae); Andernach, Germany (Matrae); Antweiler, Germany (Matronae, Matronae Vacallinehae); Benzelrath, Germany (Matronae Mahalinae/Mahlinehae); Berkum, Germany (Matronae Atufrafinehae); Bettenhofen, Germany (Matronae Etrahenae, Matronae Gavadiae, Matronae Gesahenae); Billig, Germany (Matronae Chandrumanehae); Bingen, Germany (Matrae Suleviae); Birten, Germany (Matrae Treverae); Blankenheim, Germany (Matronae Ahinehiae, Matronae Teniavehae); Boeckingen, Germany (Matronae Senonae); Boich, Germany (Matronae Textumeihae); Bonn, Germany (Matrae, Matronae Alaferhuiae, Matronae Amartninehae, Matronae Ambiamarcae, Matronae Amfratninehae, Matronae Andrustehiae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Austriahenae, Matronae Ineae, Matronae Renahenae, Matronae Romanehae); Bornheim, Germany (Matronae Gabinae); Bromheim, Germany (Matronae Romanehae); Burgel, Germany (Matronae Alagabiae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Aviaitinehae, Matronae Romanehae); Cologne, Germany (Matrae, Matronae, Matronae Afliae, Matronae Ambiamarcae, Matronae Andrustehiae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Axsinginehae, Matronae Boudunnehae, Matronae Euthungae, Matronae Fernovinehae, Matronae Gabiae, Matronae Gantunae, Matrae Germanae, Matronae Gesahenae, Matrae Kannanefates, Matronae Lubicae, Matronae Mahalinae/Mahlinehae, Matronae Malvisae, Matronae Masanae, Matrae Mediotautehae, Matrae Remae, Matrae Suebae, Matres Suleviae, Matronae Udravarinehae, Matronae Vallabnaehiae); Commern, Germany (Matronae, Matronae Aufaniae); Derichsweiler, Germany (Matronae Alusneihae); Deutz, Germany (Matronae Abirenae, Matronae Ambioreneses, Matronae Gesahenae, Matronae Mahalinae/Mahlinehae, Matrae Suebae); Dormagen, Germany (Matronae Alaferhuiae); Duren, Germany (Matronae Turstuahenae); Embken, Germany (Matronae Vataranehae); Endenich, Germany (Matronae Vacallinehae); Enzen, Germany (Matronae Hiheraiae); Erfstadt Friesheim, Germany (Matronae Vanginehae); Eschweiler, Germany (Matronae); Euskirchen, Germany (Matronae Caimineae, Matronae Fachineae, Matronae Gratichae, Matronae Ratheihiae, Matronae Romanehae, Matronae Seccanahae); Floisdorf, Germany (Matronae Abiamarcae, Matronae Textumeihae); Friedberg, Germany (Matronae); Gellep, Germany (Matronae Octocannae); Gerennsweiler, Germany (Matronae Berguiahenae); Gleuel, Germany (Matronae Ahueccanae); Godesberg, Germany (Matronae Andrustehiae); Greifswald, Germany (Matronae); Gusten, Germany (Matronae Vatviae); Hasselsweiler, Germany (Matronae Vatviae); Hermulheim, Germany (Matronae Audrinehae); Hoven, Germany (Matronae Saitchamiae); Inden-Pier, Germany (Matronae Alusneihae); Iulich, Germany (Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Gabiae, Matronae Gavadiae, Matronae Nersihenae, Matronae Romanehae, Matronae Vacallinehae, Matronae Vatviae); Iversheim, Germany (Matronae Vacallinehae); Kirchheim, Germany (Matronae Gabiae); Krefeld, Germany (Matronae Octocannae); Ladenburg, Germany (Matrae, Matrae Suleviae); Lechenich, Germany (Matronae Lanehiae); Lessenich, Germany (Matronae Vacallinehae); Linnich, Germany (Matronae); Lipp, Germany (Matronae Vatviae); Mainz, Germany (Matronae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matrae Ollogabiae); Meckenheim, Germany (Matronae Fernovinehae); Merzenich, Germany (Matronae Channihae or Chuchenehae, Matronae Havae) Morken-Harff, Germany (Matrae, Matronae, Matronae Austriahenae, Matronae Vatviae); Muddersheim, Germany (Matronae Arvagastae, Matronae Gabiae); Munchen-Gladbach, Germany (Matronae Gavadiae); Muntz, Germany (Matronae Iulineihiae); Nassenfels, Germany (Matrae Suleviae); Nettersheim, Germany (Matronae Aufaniae); Neuss, Germany (Neuss); Nideggen-Abenden, Germany (Matronae Vataranehae); Niedenstein, Germany (Matronae Alhiahenae); Niedernberg, Germany (Matrae Vagionae); Nieukerk, Germany (Matronae Malvisae); Ober-Elvenich, Germany (Matronae Albiahenae); Odendorf, Germany (Matronae Aserecinehae); Odenhausen, Germany (Matronae Aserecinehae); Patteren, Germany (Matronae Alaferhuiae); Pesch, Germany (Matrae, Matronae, Matronae Etrahenae, Matronae Vacallinehae); Pommern, Germany (Matronae Aufaniae); Remagen, Germany (Matronae, Matronae Ambiamarcae); Rheydt, Germany (Matronae Cantrusteihae); Roedingen, Germany (Matronae Etrahenae, Matronae Gavadiae, Matronae Gesahenae, Matronae Vatviae); Rohr, Germany (Matronae Gabiae); Rommerskirchen, Germany (Matronae Romanehae, Matronae Vataranehae); Rovenich, Germany (Matronae Gabiae); Salzvey, Germany (Matronae Vacallinehae); Sinzenich, Germany (Matronae Tummaestiae); Soller, Germany (Matronae Textumeihae);Tetz, Germany (Matronae Berguiahenae, Matronae Cantrusteihae); Thorr, Germany (Matronae Almaviahenae, Matronae Amnesahenae, Matronae Gavadiae, Matronae Naitienae, Matronae Udravarinehae, Matronae Vanamianehae); Trier, Germany (Matronae, Matrae Suleviae, Matronae Xulsigiae); Vettweis, Germany (Matronae Turstuahenae, Matronae Vesuniahenae); Weilerswist, Germany (Matronae Romanehae); Wesseling, Germany (Matronae Afliae); Wissen, Germany (Matrae Frisavae); Wollersheim, Germany (Matronae Vataranehae); Xanten, Germany (Matronae, Matrae Annaneptae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Gabiae, Matrae Marsacae, Matrae Suleviae); Zingsheim, Germany (Matronae, Matronae Fachineae); Zulpich, Germany (Matronae Anesaminehae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matronae Channihae or Chuchenehae, Matronae Ulauhinehae, Matronae Vesuniahenae); Budapest, Hungary (Matrae Suleviae); Albenga, Italy (Matronae); Angera, Italy (Matronae); Arcisate, Italy (Matronae); Bene Vagienna, Italy (Matronae); Borgomanero, Italy (Matronae); Borgo San Dalmazzo, Italy (Matronae); Brebbia, Italy (Matronae); Brescia, Italy (Matronae, Matronae Dervonnae); Brienno, Italy (Matronae); Cantu, Italy (Matronae); Casalvolone, Italy (Matronae); Dormelletto, Italy (Matronae); Fino Mornasco, Italy (Matronae); Foresto, Italy (Matronae); Lomazzo, Italy (Matronae); Manerbio, Italy (Matronae); Milan, Italy (Matronae, Matronae Dervonnae); Rosate, Italy (Matronae); Rome, Italy (Matrae Suleviae); Serravalle Scrivia, Italy (Matronae); Susa, Italy (Matronae); Vercelli, Italy (Matronae); Vimercate, Italy (Matronae); Zuglio, Italy (Matronae); Nimwegen, Netherlands (Matrae, Matronae Aufaniae, Matrae Mopates, Matrae Suleviae); Utrecht, Netherlands (Matrae Noricae); Freixo, Portutal (Matrae); Karlsburg, Romania (Matrae Suleviae); Carmona, Spain (Matronae Aufaniae); Duraton, Spain (Matrae); Palencia, Spain (Matrae Duilliae); Penalba de Castro, Spain (Matrae, Matrae Brigaecae); River Rhine (Matrae Vapthiae)
Key:
Blue – Matrae with no epithet
Dark blue – Matrae with various epithets
Red – Matronae with no epithet
Dark red – Matronae with various epithets
